[Java] Zookeeper Java 예제

A Simple Watch Client

Zookeeper 자바 API를 소개하기 위해서 간단한 와치 클라이언트를 살펴본다. Zookeeper 클라이언트는 Zookeeper 노드의 변경 사항을 와치하면서 프로그램을 시작하거나 멈춘다.

Requirements

클라이언트는 4가지 요구사항을 가진다.

• 다음을 파라미터로 받는다.
  • Zookeeper 서비스 주소
  • 와치할 znode의 이름
  • an executable with arguments.
• znode에 관련 내용이 패치되면 executable을 시작
• znode가 변경되면 클라이언트는 내용을 다시 패치받고 executable을 다시 시작
• 만약 znode가 사라지면 클라이언트는 executable을 kill

Program Design

zookeeper 애플리케이션은 보통 커넥션을 유지와 데이터를 모니터링 이렇게 2가지 유닛으로 나뉜다. 애플리케이션에서 zookeeper 커넥션을 유지하는 부분을 Executor라고 부르며, zookeeper 트리의 데이터를 모니터링하는 부분을 DataMonitor라고 부른다. 또한 Executor는 실행 로직을 포함하여 유저가 인자로 넘겨준 executable program을 실행할 수 있다.

The Executor Class

Executor 클래스의 주요 메서드이다.

    // from the Executor class...
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        if (args.length < 4) {
            System.err
                    .println("USAGE: Executor hostPort znode filename program [args ...]");
            System.exit(2);
        }
        String hostPort = args[0];
        String znode = args[1];
        String filename = args[2];
        String exec[] = new String[args.length - 3];
        System.arraycopy(args, 3, exec, 0, exec.length);
        try {
            new Executor(hostPort, znode, filename, exec).run();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public Executor(String hostPort, String znode, String filename,
            String exec[]) throws KeeperException, IOException {
        this.filename = filename;
        this.exec = exec;
        zk = new ZooKeeper(hostPort, 3000, this);
        dm = new DataMonitor(zk, znode, null, this);
    }

    public void run() {
        try {
            synchronized (this) {
                while (!dm.dead) {
                    wait();
                }
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        }
    }

Recall that the Executor's job is to start and stop the executable whose name you pass in on the command line. It does this in response to events fired by the ZooKeeper object. As you can see in the code above, the Executor passes a reference to itself as the Watcher argument in the ZooKeeper constructor. It also passes a reference to itself as DataMonitorListener argument to the DataMonitor constructor. Per the Executor's definition, it implements both these interfaces:

public class Executor implements Watcher, Runnable, DataMonitor.DataMonitorListener {
...

The Watcher interface is defined by the ZooKeeper Java API. ZooKeeper uses it to communicate back to its container. It supports only one method, process(), and ZooKeeper uses it to communciates generic events that the main thread would be intersted in, such as the state of the ZooKeeper connection or the ZooKeeper session.The Executor in this example simply forwards those events down to the DataMonitor to decide what to do with them. It does this simply to illustrate the point that, by convention, the Executor or some Executor-like object "owns" the ZooKeeper connection, but it is free to delegate the events to other events to other objects. It also uses this as the default channel on which to fire watch events. (More on this later.)

    public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
        dm.process(event);
    }

The DataMonitorListener interface, on the other hand, is not part of the the ZooKeeper API. It is a completely custom interface, designed for this sample application. The DataMonitor object uses it to communicate back to its container, which is also the the Executor object.The DataMonitorListener interface looks like this:

public interface DataMonitorListener {
    /**
    * The existence status of the node has changed.
    */
    void exists(byte data[]);

    /**
    * The ZooKeeper session is no longer valid.
    * 
    * @param rc
    * the ZooKeeper reason code
    */
    void closing(int rc);
}

This interface is defined in the DataMonitor class and implemented in the Executor class. When Executor.exists() is invoked, the Executor decides whether to start up or shut down per the requirements. Recall that the requires say to kill the executable when the znode ceases to exist.

When Executor.closing() is invoked, the Executor decides whether or not to shut itself down in response to the ZooKeeper connection permanently disappearing.

As you might have guessed, DataMonitor is the object that invokes these methods, in response to changes in ZooKeeper's state.

Here are Executor's implementation of DataMonitorListener.exists() and DataMonitorListener.closing:

public void exists( byte[] data ) {
    if (data == null) {
        if (child != null) {
            System.out.println("Killing process");
            child.destroy();
            try {
                child.waitFor();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            }
        }
        child = null;
    } else {
        if (child != null) {
            System.out.println("Stopping child");
            child.destroy();
            try {
               child.waitFor();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(filename);
            fos.write(data);
            fos.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            System.out.println("Starting child");
            child = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(exec);
            new StreamWriter(child.getInputStream(), System.out);
            new StreamWriter(child.getErrorStream(), System.err);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

public void closing(int rc) {
    synchronized (this) {
        notifyAll();
    }
}

The DataMonitor Class

The DataMonitor class has the meat of the ZooKeeper logic. It is mostly asynchronous and event driven. DataMonitor kicks things off in the constructor with:

public DataMonitor(ZooKeeper zk, String znode, Watcher chainedWatcher,
        DataMonitorListener listener) {
    this.zk = zk;
    this.znode = znode;
    this.chainedWatcher = chainedWatcher;
    this.listener = listener;
    
    // Get things started by checking if the node exists. We are going
    // to be completely event driven
    zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
}

The call to ZooKeeper.exists() checks for the existence of the znode, sets a watch, and passes a reference to itself (this) as the completion callback object. In this sense, it kicks things off, since the real processing happens when the watch is triggered.

 

When the ZooKeeper.exists() operation completes on the server, the ZooKeeper API invokes this completion callback on the client:

public void processResult(int rc, String path, Object ctx, Stat stat) {
    boolean exists;
    switch (rc) {
    case Code.Ok:
        exists = true;
        break;
    case Code.NoNode:
        exists = false;
        break;
    case Code.SessionExpired:
    case Code.NoAuth:
        dead = true;
        listener.closing(rc);
        return;
    default:
        // Retry errors
        zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
        return;
    }
 
    byte b[] = null;
    if (exists) {
        try {
            b = zk.getData(znode, false, null);
        } catch (KeeperException e) {
            // We don't need to worry about recovering now. The watch
            // callbacks will kick off any exception handling
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            return;
        }
    }     
    if ((b == null && b != prevData)
            || (b != null && !Arrays.equals(prevData, b))) {
        listener.exists(b);
        prevData = b;
    }
}

The code first checks the error codes for znode existence, fatal errors, and recoverable errors. If the file (or znode) exists, it gets the data from the znode, and then invoke the exists() callback of Executor if the state has changed. Note, it doesn't have to do any Exception processing for the getData call because it has watches pending for anything that could cause an error: if the node is deleted before it calls ZooKeeper.getData(), the watch event set by the ZooKeeper.exists() triggers a callback; if there is a communication error, a connection watch event fires when the connection comes back up.

Finally, notice how DataMonitor processes watch events:

    public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
        String path = event.getPath();
        if (event.getType() == Event.EventType.None) {
            // We are are being told that the state of the
            // connection has changed
            switch (event.getState()) {
            case SyncConnected:
                // In this particular example we don't need to do anything
                // here - watches are automatically re-registered with 
                // server and any watches triggered while the client was 
                // disconnected will be delivered (in order of course)
                break;
            case Expired:
                // It's all over
                dead = true;
                listener.closing(KeeperException.Code.SessionExpired);
                break;
            }
        } else {
            if (path != null && path.equals(znode)) {
                // Something has changed on the node, let's find out
                zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
            }
        }
        if (chainedWatcher != null) {
            chainedWatcher.process(event);
        }
    }

If the client-side ZooKeeper libraries can re-establish the communication channel (SyncConnected event) to ZooKeeper before session expiration (Expired event) all of the session's watches will automatically be re-established with the server (auto-reset of watches is new in ZooKeeper 3.0.0). See ZooKeeper Watches in the programmer guide for more on this. A bit lower down in this function, when DataMonitor gets an event for a znode, it calls ZooKeeper.exists() to find out what has changed.

Complete Source Listings

/**
 * A simple example program to use DataMonitor to start and
 * stop executables based on a znode. The program watches the
 * specified znode and saves the data that corresponds to the
 * znode in the filesystem. It also starts the specified program
 * with the specified arguments when the znode exists and kills
 * the program if the znode goes away.
 */
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;

public class Executor
    implements Watcher, Runnable, DataMonitor.DataMonitorListener
{
    String znode;

    DataMonitor dm;

    ZooKeeper zk;

    String filename;

    String exec[];

    Process child;

    public Executor(String hostPort, String znode, String filename,
            String exec[]) throws KeeperException, IOException {
        this.filename = filename;
        this.exec = exec;
        zk = new ZooKeeper(hostPort, 3000, this);
        dm = new DataMonitor(zk, znode, null, this);
    }

    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        if (args.length < 4) {
            System.err
                    .println("USAGE: Executor hostPort znode filename program [args ...]");
            System.exit(2);
        }
        String hostPort = args[0];
        String znode = args[1];
        String filename = args[2];
        String exec[] = new String[args.length - 3];
        System.arraycopy(args, 3, exec, 0, exec.length);
        try {
            new Executor(hostPort, znode, filename, exec).run();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /***************************************************************************
     * We do process any events ourselves, we just need to forward them on.
     *
     * @see org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher#process(org.apache.zookeeper.proto.WatcherEvent)
     */
    public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
        dm.process(event);
    }

    public void run() {
        try {
            synchronized (this) {
                while (!dm.dead) {
                    wait();
                }
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        }
    }

    public void closing(int rc) {
        synchronized (this) {
            notifyAll();
        }
    }

    static class StreamWriter extends Thread {
        OutputStream os;

        InputStream is;

        StreamWriter(InputStream is, OutputStream os) {
            this.is = is;
            this.os = os;
            start();
        }

        public void run() {
            byte b[] = new byte[80];
            int rc;
            try {
                while ((rc = is.read(b)) > 0) {
                    os.write(b, 0, rc);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
            }

        }
    }

    public void exists(byte[] data) {
        if (data == null) {
            if (child != null) {
                System.out.println("Killing process");
                child.destroy();
                try {
                    child.waitFor();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                }
            }
            child = null;
        } else {
            if (child != null) {
                System.out.println("Stopping child");
                child.destroy();
                try {
                    child.waitFor();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            try {
                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(filename);
                fos.write(data);
                fos.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            try {
                System.out.println("Starting child");
                child = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(exec);
                new StreamWriter(child.getInputStream(), System.out);
                new StreamWriter(child.getErrorStream(), System.err);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * A simple class that monitors the data and existence of a ZooKeeper
 * node. It uses asynchronous ZooKeeper APIs.
 */
import java.util.Arrays;

import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.AsyncCallback.StatCallback;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.Code;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;

public class DataMonitor implements Watcher, StatCallback {

    ZooKeeper zk;

    String znode;

    Watcher chainedWatcher;

    boolean dead;

    DataMonitorListener listener;

    byte prevData[];

    public DataMonitor(ZooKeeper zk, String znode, Watcher chainedWatcher,
            DataMonitorListener listener) {
        this.zk = zk;
        this.znode = znode;
        this.chainedWatcher = chainedWatcher;
        this.listener = listener;
        // Get things started by checking if the node exists. We are going
        // to be completely event driven
        zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
    }

    /**
     * Other classes use the DataMonitor by implementing this method
     */
    public interface DataMonitorListener {
        /**
         * The existence status of the node has changed.
         */
        void exists(byte data[]);

        /**
         * The ZooKeeper session is no longer valid.
         *
         * @param rc
         *                the ZooKeeper reason code
         */
        void closing(int rc);
    }

    public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
        String path = event.getPath();
        if (event.getType() == Event.EventType.None) {
            // We are are being told that the state of the
            // connection has changed
            switch (event.getState()) {
            case SyncConnected:
                // In this particular example we don't need to do anything
                // here - watches are automatically re-registered with 
                // server and any watches triggered while the client was 
                // disconnected will be delivered (in order of course)
                break;
            case Expired:
                // It's all over
                dead = true;
                listener.closing(KeeperException.Code.SessionExpired);
                break;
            }
        } else {
            if (path != null && path.equals(znode)) {
                // Something has changed on the node, let's find out
                zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
            }
        }
        if (chainedWatcher != null) {
            chainedWatcher.process(event);
        }
    }

    public void processResult(int rc, String path, Object ctx, Stat stat) {
        boolean exists;
        switch (rc) {
        case Code.Ok:
            exists = true;
            break;
        case Code.NoNode:
            exists = false;
            break;
        case Code.SessionExpired:
        case Code.NoAuth:
            dead = true;
            listener.closing(rc);
            return;
        default:
            // Retry errors
            zk.exists(znode, true, this, null);
            return;
        }

        byte b[] = null;
        if (exists) {
            try {
                b = zk.getData(znode, false, null);
            } catch (KeeperException e) {
                // We don't need to worry about recovering now. The watch
                // callbacks will kick off any exception handling
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                return;
            }
        }
        if ((b == null && b != prevData)
                || (b != null && !Arrays.equals(prevData, b))) {
            listener.exists(b);
            prevData = b;
        }
    }
}

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출처 : https://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/r3.4.13/javaExample.html